1、工藝流程

　　1. Process flow

　　施工放樣→準(zhǔn)備下承層→拌和→運(yùn)輸→攤鋪→初壓→標(biāo)高復(fù)測(cè)→補(bǔ)整→終壓→養(yǎng)生

　　Construction layout → preparation of sub layer → mixing → transportation → paving → initial compaction → elevation re measurement → finishing → final compaction → curing

　?。?）測(cè)量放樣

　　(1) Measurement and layout

　　按20m一個(gè)斷面恢復(fù)道路中心樁、邊樁，并在樁上標(biāo)出基層的松鋪高程和設(shè)計(jì)高程。

　　Restore the center and side stakes of the road in sections of 20m, and mark the loose laying elevation and design elevation of the base layer on the stakes.

　?。?）準(zhǔn)備下承層

　　(2) Prepare the lower layer

　　下基層施工前，對(duì)路基進(jìn)行清掃，然后用振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)碾壓三至四遍，如發(fā)現(xiàn)土過(guò)干、表面松散，適當(dāng)灑水；如土過(guò)濕，發(fā)生彈簧現(xiàn)象，采取開(kāi)窗換填砂礫的辦法處理。上基層施工前，對(duì)下基層進(jìn)行清掃，并灑水濕潤(rùn)。

　　Before the construction of the subgrade, the roadbed should be cleaned and then compacted three to four times with a vibratory roller. If the soil is found to be too dry or the surface is loose, appropriate watering should be applied; If the soil is too wet and spring phenomenon occurs, the method of opening windows and replacing with gravel should be taken to deal with it. Before the construction of the upper base layer, clean the lower base layer and sprinkle water to keep it moist.

　　（3）拌和

　　(3) Mixing

　　穩(wěn)定料的拌和場(chǎng)設(shè)在砂石場(chǎng)，拌和設(shè)備采用6臺(tái)500L的單軸式強(qiáng)制攪拌機(jī)和一臺(tái)基層料集中廠拌機(jī)。料場(chǎng)內(nèi)的砂、石分區(qū)堆放，并設(shè)有電子自動(dòng)計(jì)量設(shè)備和地磅，在每天開(kāi)始拌和前，按配合比要求對(duì)水泥、集料的用量準(zhǔn)確調(diào)試，告別特別是根據(jù)天氣變化情況，測(cè)定集料的自然含水量，以調(diào)整拌和用水量。拌和時(shí)確保足夠的拌和時(shí)間，使穩(wěn)定料拌和均勻。

　　The stable material mixing plant is located in the sand and gravel yard, and the mixing equipment includes six 500L single axis forced mixers and one base material centralized plant mixer. The sand and stone in the material yard are stacked in different zones and equipped with electronic automatic measuring equipment and weighing scales. Before starting mixing every day, the amount of cement and aggregate is accurately adjusted according to the mixing ratio requirements. Especially based on weather changes, the natural moisture content of the aggregate is measured to adjust the mixing and water consumption. Ensure sufficient mixing time during mixing to ensure even mixing of stable materials.

　?。?）運(yùn)輸

　　(4) Transportation

　　施工時(shí)配備足夠的運(yùn)輸車輛，并保持道路暢通，使穩(wěn)定料盡快運(yùn)至攤鋪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。炎熱天氣運(yùn)輸時(shí)加彩條布遮蓋，防止水份過(guò)度蒸發(fā)。

　　During construction, sufficient transportation vehicles should be equipped and the roads should be kept clear to ensure that stable materials are transported to the paving site as quickly as possible. Cover with colored cloth during transportation in hot weather to prevent excessive evaporation of moisture.

　?。?）攤鋪

　　(5) Spread out

　　機(jī)動(dòng)車道基層采用攤鋪機(jī)施工，非機(jī)動(dòng)車道基層采用人工攤鋪。攤鋪時(shí)嚴(yán)格控制好松鋪系數(shù)，人工實(shí)時(shí)對(duì)缺料區(qū)域進(jìn)行補(bǔ)整和修邊。

　　The base layer of the motor vehicle lane is constructed using a paver, while the base layer of the non motor vehicle lane is paved manually. Strictly control the loose paving coefficient during paving, and manually adjust and trim the missing material areas in real time.

　?。?）壓實(shí)

　　(6) Compaction

　　攤鋪一小段后（時(shí)間不超過(guò)3小時(shí)），用18T的振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)靜壓兩遍、振壓一遍后暫時(shí)停止碾壓，測(cè)量人員立即進(jìn)行高程測(cè)量復(fù)核，將標(biāo)高比設(shè)計(jì)高超過(guò)1cm，或低0.5cm的部位立即進(jìn)行找補(bǔ)，完畢后用壓路機(jī)進(jìn)行振動(dòng)碾壓。碾壓時(shí)由邊至中，由低至高，由弱至強(qiáng)、重疊1/3輪寬的原則碾壓，在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)（不超過(guò)四小時(shí)）碾壓到設(shè)計(jì)壓實(shí)度，并無(wú)明顯輪跡時(shí)為止。碾壓時(shí)，嚴(yán)禁壓路機(jī)在基層上調(diào)頭或起步時(shí)速度過(guò)大，碾壓時(shí)輪胎朝正在攤鋪的方向。

　　After paving for a short period of time (not exceeding 3 hours), use an 18T vibratory roller to perform static pressure twice and temporarily stop rolling after one vibration. The measuring personnel immediately conduct elevation measurement review, and immediately make up for the parts that are more than 1cm higher or 0.5cm lower than the design elevation. After completion, use a roller to perform vibratory rolling. When rolling, follow the principle of rolling from edge to center, from low to high, from weak to strong, and overlapping by 1/3 of the wheel width. Within the specified time (not exceeding four hours), roll until the designed compaction degree is reached and there are no obvious wheel marks. When rolling, it is strictly prohibited for the roller to turn around or start at too high a speed on the base, and the tires should face the direction of the paving during rolling.

　　（7）養(yǎng)生

　　(7) Health Preservation

　　穩(wěn)定料碾壓后四小時(shí)內(nèi)，用經(jīng)水浸泡透的麻袋嚴(yán)密覆蓋進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)，八小時(shí)后再用自來(lái)水澆灌養(yǎng)護(hù)七天以上，并始終保持麻袋濕潤(rùn)。穩(wěn)定料終凝之前，嚴(yán)禁用水直接沖刷基層表面，避免表面浮砂損壞。

　　Within four hours after the stable material is compacted, it should be tightly covered with water soaked burlap bags for curing. After eight hours, it should be watered with tap water for curing for more than seven days, and the burlap bags should be kept moist at all times. Before the final solidification of the stable material, it is strictly prohibited to directly flush the surface of the base layer with water to avoid surface floating sand damage.

　?。?）試驗(yàn)

　　(8) Experiment

　　混合料送至現(xiàn)場(chǎng)半小時(shí)內(nèi)，在監(jiān)理的監(jiān)督下，抽取一部分送到業(yè)主指定或認(rèn)可的試驗(yàn)室，進(jìn)行無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度和水泥劑量試驗(yàn)。壓實(shí)度試驗(yàn)一般采用灌砂法，在碾壓后12小時(shí)內(nèi)進(jìn)行，避免時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)基層終凝后增大勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，試驗(yàn)后的洞眼用C10砼進(jìn)行補(bǔ)平。彎沉試驗(yàn)在施工七天后進(jìn)行。

　　Within half an hour of delivering the mixture to the site, under the supervision of the supervisor, a portion shall be selected and sent to a laboratory designated or approved by the owner for unconfined compressive strength and cement dosage testing. The compaction test is generally conducted using the sand filling method within 12 hours after rolling to avoid increasing labor intensity after the final setting of the base layer. The holes after the test are filled with C10 concrete. The deflection test shall be conducted seven days after construction.

　　（9）伸縮縫

　　(9) Expansion joint

　　為防止基層因伸縮開(kāi)裂而影響路面結(jié)構(gòu)，施工時(shí)按每15m設(shè)一條橫向伸縮縫，做法是：按位置通長(zhǎng)斷面埋設(shè)高為7cm，厚0.5cm的九夾板。路面施工前沿伸縮縫涂一層瀝青，再在上鋪上無(wú)紡?fù)凉げ?，寬度?m。伸縮縫設(shè)置時(shí)，必須保證全斷面貫通，嚴(yán)禁車道之間錯(cuò)位。

　　To prevent the pavement structure from being affected by expansion and cracking of the base layer, a transverse expansion joint shall be set every 15m during construction. The method is to embed a 7cm high and 0.5cm thick nine piece clamp plate along the entire section of the position. Apply a layer of asphalt to the expansion joint at the forefront of road construction, and then lay non-woven geotextile on top with a width of 1m. When setting up the expansion joint, it must be ensured that the entire section is connected, and it is strictly prohibited to deviate between lanes.

　?。?0）施工縫

　　(10) Construction joints

　　在每段基層施工結(jié)束處，安放一條橫貫全寬與壓實(shí)后厚度等高的木方，木方一側(cè)穩(wěn)定料充滿至松鋪高度，另一側(cè)用素土回填穩(wěn)定至木方高度，然后碾壓成型，待下段施工段施工前，再移走木方及素土，并按伸縮縫的辦法處理。

　　At the end of each section of base construction, place a wooden block that spans the full width and compacted thickness to the same height. Fill one side of the wooden block with stable material until it reaches the height of the loose paving, and backfill the other side with plain soil to stabilize it until it reaches the height of the wooden block. Then roll it into shape. Before the construction of the next section, remove the wooden block and plain soil, and treat it as an expansion joint.

　?。?1）縱縫

　　(11) Longitudinal seam

　　機(jī)動(dòng)車道中心線處的縱縫，在每段施工段施工完畢后12小時(shí)內(nèi)，人工將該側(cè)的基層邊坡鑿成垂直形狀，另幅施工時(shí)，接觸面上濕潤(rùn)后刷水泥漿。

　　The longitudinal joint at the centerline of the motor vehicle lane shall be manually chiseled into a vertical shape on the side of the base slope within 12 hours after the completion of each construction section. During the construction of another section, the contact surface shall be moistened and then coated with cement slurry.

　　2、質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　2. Quality standards

　?。?）機(jī)動(dòng)車道壓實(shí)度≥98％；7d齡期無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度上層3.5-4Mpa,下層3-3.5Mpa；底基層為2.5 Mpa。

　　(1) The compaction degree of the motor vehicle lane is ≥ 98%; The upper layer has an unconfined compressive strength of 3.5-4Mpa and the lower layer has an unconfined compressive strength of 3-3.5Mpa at a 7-day age; The base layer is 2.5 Mpa.

　　（2）非機(jī)動(dòng)車道壓實(shí)度≥97％；7d齡期無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度達(dá)到3.0-3.5 Mpa。

　　(2) The compaction degree of non motorized vehicle lanes is ≥ 97%; The unconfined compressive strength at 7-day age reaches 3.0-3.5 Mpa.

　?。?）水泥用量一般為3%-5.5%，當(dāng)達(dá)不到強(qiáng)度要求時(shí)，水泥的最大劑量不應(yīng)超過(guò)6%，底基層的水泥計(jì)量一般為3%。

　　(3) The cement dosage is generally 3% -5.5%. When the strength requirements are not met, the maximum cement dosage should not exceed 6%. The cement dosage for the base layer is generally 3%.

　　3、對(duì)水泥穩(wěn)定砂礫（碎石）的材料要求

　　3. Material requirements for cement stabilized gravel (crushed stone)

　?。?）砂礫（碎石）：集料最大粒徑不應(yīng)超過(guò)30mm，集料的壓碎值不應(yīng)大于20％，硅酸鹽含量不宜超過(guò)0.25％。

　　(1) Gravel (crushed stone): The maximum particle size of aggregate should not exceed 30mm, the crushing value of aggregate should not exceed 20%, and the silicate content should not exceed 0.25%.

　?。?）水泥：采用普通硅酸鹽水泥，礦渣硅酸鹽水泥，標(biāo)號(hào)為425＃。

　　(2) Cement: Ordinary Portland cement and slag Portland cement are used, with a grade of 425 #.

　　4、配合比設(shè)計(jì)

　　4. Mix proportion design

　?。?）一般規(guī)定

　　(1) General provisions

　　①水泥穩(wěn)定砂礫（碎石）混合料的組成設(shè)計(jì)包括：根據(jù)水泥穩(wěn)定碎石的強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確定必須的水泥劑量和混合料的最佳含水量，在需要改善土的顆粒組成時(shí)，還包括摻加料的比例。

　　① The composition design of cement stabilized gravel (crushed stone) mixture includes determining the necessary cement dosage and optimal moisture content of the mixture based on the strength standards of cement stabilized gravel. When improving the particle composition of soil, it also includes the proportion of additives.

　?、谒喾€(wěn)定砂礫（碎石）的各項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)，應(yīng)按JTJ057－94的有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行。

　?、?The various tests for cement stabilized gravel (crushed stone) should be conducted in accordance with the relevant provisions of JTJ057-94.

　?。?）原材料試驗(yàn)

　　(2) Raw material testing

　?、僭谒喾€(wěn)定砂礫（碎石）施工前，進(jìn)行下列試驗(yàn)：a．顆粒分析b．液限和塑性指數(shù)c．相對(duì)密度d．重型擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)e．砂礫（碎石）的壓碎值試驗(yàn)f．有機(jī)質(zhì)含量（必要時(shí)做）g．硫酸鹽含量（必要時(shí)做）

　?、?Before the construction of cement stabilized gravel (crushed stone), the following tests shall be conducted: a. Particle analysis b. Liquid limit and plasticity index c. Relative density d. Heavy compaction test e. Crushing value test of gravel (crushed stone) f. Organic matter content (if necessary) g. Sulfate content (if necessary)

　?、跈z測(cè)水泥的標(biāo)號(hào)及初凝、終凝時(shí)間。

　?、?Test the grade and initial and final setting time of cement.

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